Lorises and pottos - Taxonomic synonyms up to family level

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Tables 2 b: Some synonyms, order to family

¹, ², ... : source, author quoted.

**Presently valid taxonomic names** (details and sources: see below, synonym table)
..
Order	Suborder	Infraorder	Family	Subfamily	Genus
Primates	Prosimii / Strepsirrhini (Strepsirrhini correctly written with "rr")	Lorisiformes (lorises, pottos, galagos) (Loriformes: invalid name * )	Lorisidae (lorises, pottos) (Loridae: invalid name *).	Lorisinae (Asian lorises) (Lorinae: invalid name *)	Loris Nycticebus
			Lorisidae (lorises, pottos) (Loridae: invalid name *).	Perodicticinae (African pottos)	Perodicticus Arctocebus Pseudopotto (proposed)
			Galagidae (galagos)	.	.

* As a general rule, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature decided that the stem from Loris should be Loris-, not Lor-. So names such as Loriformes, Loridae, Lorinae are rejected and are replaced by names such as Lorisiformes, Lorisidae, Lorisinae) ²²², C. Groves. pers. comm (2004).

**Some synonyms, order to family, arranged in temporal order**
..
Primates	Prosimians		Lorises, pottos and galagos	Lorises, pottos only	Galagos	Source(s)
Order Primates	Suborder Prosimii	.	Infraorder Lorisiformes	.	.	Simpson, 1945 (quoted by Groves, 1977³⁹).
Order Primates	Grade Strepsirhini	-	Suborder Lorisoidea	Family Lorisidae	Family Galagidae	Osman Hill, 1953. .
.	Suborder Lemuroidea	.	Family Lorisidae	.	.	Romer, 1967 (quoted by Groves, 1977³⁹)
Ordnung Primates (Herrentiere)	Unterordnung Prosimiae (Halbaffen)	.	Teilordnung Lorisiformes (Loriartige)	Familie Lorisidae (Loris)	.	Kolar, 1967 ⁴⁰ (Language: German).
.	.	Infraorder Lemuriformes	Superfamily: Loroidea	Loridae	.	Groves, 1974 (quoted by Jenkins, 1987²)
.	.	.	Family Lorisidae	Lorisinae ("traditionally” for slow climbing Lorisidae)	Galaginae	Groves, 1977³⁹ .
Order Primates	Suborder Strepsirhini	Superfamily Lorisoidea: including the family Cheirogaleidae (provisional proposal)	Family Lorisidae	Lorisinae	Galaginae	Hoffstetter 1974 ⁴⁹ (quoted by Petter, Petter-Rousseaux, 1979; partly based on Szalay, Katz 1973)
Order Primates	Suborder Strepsirhini E. Geoffroy 1812 (= Lemuroidea Mivart 1864)	.	Family Lorisidae	Subfamily Lorisinae	Subfamily Galaginae	Petter, Petter-Rousseaux, 1979⁴⁸
Order Primates	.	Infraorder Lemuriformes	Superfamily: Loroidea (including family Cheirogaleidae)	Family: Loridae	..	Szalay, Delson 1979 (quoted by Jenkins, 1987²).
Order Primates	Suborder Strepsirrhini E. Geoffroy 1812 (correctly written with "rr")	.	.	Family: Loridae Gray 1821 (older name rediscovered)	Family Galagonidae Gray 1825 (older name rediscovered)	Jenkins, 1987 ² .
Order Primates	Suborder Prosimii / Strepsirrhini	Infraorder Lemuriformes	Superfamily Loroidea	Family: Loridae (lorids) (referring to Jenkins, 1987)	Family Galagonidae	Groves, 1993 ⁴⁴ (in Wilson, Reeder: taxonomic reference); Rowe 1996 ³³ (primarily based on Groves, 1993⁴⁴ ).
Order Primates	Suborder Prosimii / Strepsirhini	Infraorder Lorisiformes (family Cheirogaleidae not included)	Family Lorisidae	Subfamily: Loridae (lorids)	Subfamily Galagonidae	Rasmussen, Nekaris, 1998⁵⁶.
Order Primates	.	.	.	Proposal to suppress the name Loridae and to conserve the more familiar older family name: Lorisidae Gray, 1821	Proposal to suppress the name Galagonidae and to conserve the more familiar older family name: Galagidae Gray 1825	Schwartz and Beutel 1995 ⁵, Schwartz et al., 1998 ⁶¹, Nekaris, pers. comm⁶⁶; ICZN and other publications, 1994-1996 ³⁷; ²²⁰; ²²¹.
Order Primates	.	.	.	Family Loridae Gray, 1821; Subfamily Lorinae Gray, 1821 (Asian lorises); Subfamily Perodicticinae Gray, 1870 (African pottos)	Family Galagonidae Gray, 1825	Groves 2001²³³.
Order Primates	.	.	The former superfamily Loroidea: would today be Lorisoidea, but superfamily distinction is no longer necessary since, after listing Cheirogaleids under Lemuriformes again there is no other superfamily	Family Lorisidae Gray, 1821 (type genus Loris E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796) placed on the official list of family group names. (Loridae: name placed on the official index of rejected and invalid family-group names in zoology) Subfamily Lorisinae (Lorinae: invalid)	Name: Galagidae Gray 1825 (type genus Galago E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796) placed on the official list of family group name (Galagonidae: name placed on the official index of rejected and invalid family-group names in zoology)	International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2002²²², Groves, pers. comm, 2002, 2004 ²⁸; A. Nekaris, pers. comm., 2004.

Some synonyms, order to family, arranged in temporal order
..

Primates

Prosimians

Lorises, pottos and galagos

Lorises, pottos only

Galagos

Source(s)

Order Primates

Suborder Prosimii

Infraorder Lorisiformes

Simpson, 1945 (quoted by Groves, 1977³⁹).

Order Primates

Grade Strepsirhini

Suborder Lorisoidea

Family Lorisidae

Family Galagidae

Osman Hill, 1953. .

Suborder Lemuroidea

Family Lorisidae

Romer, 1967 (quoted by Groves, 1977³⁹)

Ordnung Primates (Herrentiere)

Unterordnung Prosimiae (Halbaffen)

Teilordnung Lorisiformes (Loriartige)

Familie Lorisidae (Loris)

Kolar, 1967 ⁴⁰ (Language: German).

Infraorder Lemuriformes

Superfamily: Loroidea

Loridae

Groves, 1974 (quoted by Jenkins, 1987²)

Family Lorisidae

Lorisinae ("traditionally” for slow climbing Lorisidae)

Galaginae

Groves, 1977³⁹ .

Order Primates

Suborder Strepsirhini

Superfamily Lorisoidea: including the family Cheirogaleidae (provisional proposal)

Family Lorisidae

Lorisinae

Galaginae

Hoffstetter 1974 ⁴⁹ (quoted by Petter, Petter-Rousseaux, 1979; partly based on Szalay, Katz 1973)

Order Primates

Suborder Strepsirhini E. Geoffroy 1812 (= Lemuroidea Mivart 1864)

Family Lorisidae

Subfamily Lorisinae

Subfamily Galaginae

Petter, Petter-Rousseaux, 1979⁴⁸

Order Primates

Infraorder Lemuriformes

Superfamily: Loroidea (including family Cheirogaleidae)

Family: Loridae

Szalay, Delson 1979 (quoted by Jenkins, 1987²).

Order Primates

Suborder Strepsirrhini E. Geoffroy 1812 (correctly written with "rr")

Family: Loridae Gray 1821 (older name rediscovered)

Family Galagonidae Gray 1825 (older name rediscovered)

Jenkins, 1987 ² .

Order Primates

Suborder Prosimii / Strepsirrhini

Infraorder Lemuriformes

Superfamily Loroidea

Family: Loridae (lorids) (referring to Jenkins, 1987)

Family Galagonidae

Groves, 1993 ⁴⁴ (in Wilson, Reeder: taxonomic reference);
Rowe 1996 ³³ (primarily based on Groves, 1993⁴⁴ ).

Order Primates

Suborder Prosimii / Strepsirhini

Infraorder Lorisiformes (family Cheirogaleidae not included)

Family Lorisidae

Subfamily: Loridae (lorids)

Subfamily Galagonidae

Rasmussen, Nekaris, 1998⁵⁶.

Order Primates

Proposal to suppress the name Loridae and to conserve the more familiar older family name: Lorisidae Gray, 1821

Proposal to suppress the name Galagonidae and to conserve the more familiar older family name: Galagidae Gray 1825

Schwartz and Beutel 1995 ⁵,
Schwartz et al., 1998 ⁶¹,
Nekaris, pers. comm⁶⁶;
ICZN and other publications, 1994-1996 ³⁷; ²²⁰; ²²¹.

Order Primates

Family Loridae Gray, 1821;
Subfamily Lorinae Gray, 1821 (Asian lorises);
Subfamily Perodicticinae Gray, 1870 (African pottos)

Family Galagonidae Gray, 1825

Groves 2001²³³.

Order Primates

The former superfamily Loroidea: would today be Lorisoidea, but superfamily distinction is no longer necessary since, after listing Cheirogaleids under Lemuriformes again there is no other superfamily

Family Lorisidae Gray, 1821 (type genus Loris E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796) placed on the official list of family group names.

(Loridae: name placed on the official index of rejected and invalid family-group names in zoology)
Subfamily Lorisinae
(Lorinae: invalid)

Name: Galagidae Gray 1825 (type genus Galago E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796) placed on the official list of family group name (Galagonidae: name placed on the official index of rejected and invalid family-group names in zoology)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2002²²², Groves, pers. comm, 2002, 2004 ²⁸; A. Nekaris, pers. comm., 2004.