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Species, subspecies and local populations of lorises and pottos (Loris, Nycticebus, Arctocebus, Perodicticus

Review of data in tables, compiled by Helga Schulze. Support, cooperation, contribution of data: for Asian prosimians in general: Helena Fitch-Snyder, Lena Larsen and coworkers (San Diego Zoo), Bernhard Meier; for Loris : Anna Nekaris; for Nycticebus pygmaeus: Ulrike Streicher (Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Vietnam); for Nycticebus coucang: Frank Wiens, Annette Zitzmann; for taxonomic questions: Colin Groves; for cytogenetic and moleculargenetic data: Yves Rumpler (Strasbourg University) and Christian Roos (German Primate Gene Bank; German Primate Center). Further contributions: see acknowledgements, references
This data review in the present state does not answer the question which populations are subspecies or species or which taxonomic name should presently be regarded as valid, it just provides data maybe useful for taxonomic research and identification of specimens. Data only valid for a local (sub)population are listed under older, presently invalid synonym for this population. This does not necessarily mean that the subpopulation is distinct; results of current taxonomic research may lead to a reduction of the number of populations in the future, or new forms may be discovered and included.

After first revision, some definitions in the measuring standard have been improved or corrected (see definitions and figures for skull measurement), and the trunk measuring standard has been improved (date of correction: 6 August 2002)
 
 

Measuring standards: definitions, figures
Index: measuring standard only
Data of described populations (tables) (Acrobat-PDF)
References for all tables: see below in this index (alphabetically and with numbers quoted in the tables)
.
General rules for recording data; labelling, other Table 1: forms, populations of lorises and pottos mentioned by several authors, their distribution; location of museum specimens .
Bilateral asymmetry and variation within populations Table 2 a: taxonomic names and synonyms used by several authors: order to family .
Draft for a form sheet for description of entire specimens (with soft tissue and fur) (PDF) Table 2 b: taxonomic names and synonyms used by several authors: genus, species, subspecies, populations ..
Draft for a form sheet for description of skull (in preparation) Table 3: vernacular names: English, French, German, countries of origin, others .
Determination of sex and reproductive state Table 4 a: some general information about possible crossbreeding barriers, the possibility of crossbreeding between forms / (sub)populations and possible speciation mechanisms .
Determination of age Table 4 b: crossbreeding between genus, species, subspecies, populations of lorises and pottos  .
Determination of nutritional state and health Table 5: cytogenetic and moleculargenetic differences between (sub)species / populations .
Figure 6: description of fur colour and markings (circumocular patches, dorsal stripe, other) Table 6 a: general colour of the fur (adult, juvenile) .
Description of fur colour and markings: text Table 6 b: Colour of hair bases, frosting, other zones of hairs .
  Table 6 c: colour and shape of markings such as dorsal stripe, facial markings .
Figure 7.1: description of hair characteristics Table 7 a: hair length, quality in general, hair covering the ears
Figure 7.2: description of skin and skin glands Table 7 b: colour, pigmentation of the skin .
  Table 7 c: skin of palms, soles, digital pads and rhinarium .
  Table 7 d: skin glands, genitalia .
Figure 8 a: some trunk measuring points and tail measurements
Figure 8 b: trunk measurement standards
Table 8a: weight, trunk measurements .
Definitions for trunk and tail measurements Table 8b: tail measurements .
Figure 9.1: shapes of faces, muzzle lengths Table 9 a: head measurements (with soft tissue) .
Figure 9.2: Names of parts and measuring points of head and ear (with soft tissue) Table 9 b: ear measurements .
Figure 9.3: Measurements of head and ear (with soft tissue)   .
Definitions of measurements, parts and measuring points of head and ear
(with soft tissue)
  .
Figure 10.1: Names of parts of the skull Table 10 a: skull measurements, longitudinal
Figure 10.2: Measuring points in the skull Table 10 b: skull measurements, breadths .
Figure 10.3: skull and toothrow measurements
Definitions for skull and toothrow measurements
Draft for a form sheet for measuring and describing skulls and dentition
Table 10 c: skull, other measurements and features .
  Table 10 d: Postcranial skeleton .
Figure 11: limb measurements Table 11 a: arm, leg measurements .
Limb measurements: definitions Table 11 b: hand, foot: measurements, other features .
  Table 11 c: relative trunk and limb measurements, indices .
Figure12.1:Names and measurements of teeth; diastema lengths Table 12 a: Toothrow lengths, teeth I1 to C, upper jaw .
Figure12.2:Tooth cusps, ridges Table 12 b: Teeth P2 to M3, upper jaw .
Definitions concerning the dentition Table 12 c: Toothrow lengths, teeth I1 to C, lower jaw .
  Table 12 d: Teeth P2 to M3, lower jaw .
  Table 13: Ecology: habitat qualities in the wild; climatic and other adaptations .
  Table 14 a: Populations, abundance 
Table 14 b: Threat due to predation, poaching, other human activities (habitat destruction see 14 c)
Table 14 c: Size of distribution areas, habitat size, habitat destruction, protected areas
.
  Table 15: Conservation status, conservation efforts .
References for measuring standards References for population tables, numbers as quoted in the tables .
  References for population tables, alphabetically .


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Lorises and pottos: species, subspecies, local populations. In: http://www.species.net
Last amendment: 23 March 2004

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