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Manufactured monkey biscuits / pellet food
used for
nutrition of captive lorises and pottos.
With data based on official product information of manufacturers
and
other sources, by Helena Fitch-Snyder and Helga Schulze, some data
by Bernhard
Meier
Under construction
Content:
General information on the use of commercially available pellet food
Addresses where to obtain pellet food
Product information, nutrient composition
References
General information on the
use of
commercially available pellet food
Manufactured food may be supposed to be either complete diet or
supplement
to normal diet, designed to provide key nutrients when used in
combination
with other food items. Pellet / biscuit may also be useful
cleaning the
teeth, preventing tartar formation when chewed.
Storage:
Pellet food must be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated
place
free of pests and insects. Spoiled, insect- or mite-infested
pellets should
not be used any more. Insect webs or parts of insects, mouse
faeces, deformed,
humid, macerating, softening, crumbling pellets may indicate
quality problems.
Rancid, mouldy, foul or other smell may help to detect problems
(Meyer
et al., 1993).
Quantities fed to lorises as a supplement to other diet:
at San Diego Zoo, the following commercially available primate
food
is given as a supplement to other diet (see San
Diego husbandry manual nutrition chapter):
for slow lorises: 3 g folivore biscuit, 2 pcs (Marion Leaf
Eater®),
13 g high protein biscuit, 1 pc (Zoopreme Monkey Chow®)
For pygmy slow lorises: 3 g folivore biscuit, 2 pcs (Marion Leaf
Eater®),
4 g high protein biscuit, 1/2 pc (Zoopreme Monkey Chow®)
For slender lorises: 12 g canned Zoopreme Marmoset Diet®
Feeding with pellets:
When dry pellet food is offered, water should always be available
for
the animals.
Pellets should usually be offered on dry surfaces; experience at
Ruhr-University
showed that pellets, put on a wet, for instance freshly washed
surface,
after drying are firmly attached and usually are left
Slender lorises not familiar with pellets needed some time until
they
tried pellet food, but then usually relished it (observation at
Ruhr-University).
Slow lorises confiscated from illegal trade often have their teeth
removed and have problems chewing hard food items. For such
animals, it
might be best to offer pellets softened by soaking them in water;
but observations
on that are still lacking.
Commercially available
pellet
and other food: some products, addresses and websites
In the USA; see website for dealers in other countries:
In Switzerland:
Provimi Kliba SA, from Kliba Mühlen, 4303 Kaiseraugst (Switzerland), website: http://www.kliba-nafag.ch
Product information, nutrient composition
Mazuri® Primate Growth
&
Repro Biscuit 5MA1
Product information from http://www.mazuri.com/5ma1.htm#Comp,
modified
Food specially formulated for a variety of primates which will
benefit
from a higher protein and energy diet.
Available in biscuit size: 5/8" x 7/8" x 1 3/4" length, 25 lb net
weight
paper sack.
Approximate nutrient composition:
| Constituents
Protein: 24.3 % (crude protein not less than 20.0%) Fat: 5.9 % (crude fat not less than 5.0%). Crude fiber: 7.6 %; not more than 8.0% Neutral detergent fiber: 16.6 % Acid detergent fiber: 9.6 %. Ash: 5.7 %
Amino acids Arginine:1.44 % Cystine: 0.34 % Glycine: 0.99 % Histidine: 0.61 % Isoleucine: 1.28 % Leucine: 2.17 % Lysine: 1.36 % Methionine: 0.48 % Phenylalanine: 1.31 % Tyrosine: 0.94 % Threonine: 0.91 % Tryptophan: 0.32 % Valine: 1.35 % Taurine: 0.14 % |
Minerals
Calcium: 1.25 % Phosphorus: 0.70 % Phosphorus (non-phytate): 0.48 % Potassium: 1.02 % Magnesium: 0.17 % Sodium: 0.42 % Chlorine: 0.33 % Sulfur: 0.24 % Iron: 370 ppm Zinc: 150 ppm Manganese: 100 ppm Copper: 34 ppm Iodine: 2.0 ppm Selenium: 0.39 ppm Cobalt: 0.66 ppm |
Vitamins
Vitamin A: 20 IU/gm Vitamin B1 (Thiamin hydrochloride): 14 ppm Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 14 ppm Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): 17 ppm Vitamin B12: 69 mcg/kg Biotin: 0.42 ppm Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid): 500 ppm, stabilized (stable for 180 days from the date of manufacture which is printed on the bag) Vitamin D3 (added): 3.5 IU/gm Vitamin E: 290 IU/kg Vitamin K (as menadione): 2.5 ppm Folic acid: 14 ppm Choline chloride: 1,700 ppm Niacin (Nicotinic acid): 110 ppm Pantothenic acid: 70 ppm
Nitrogen-free extract (by difference): 46.5
%
Metabolizable energy: 2.89 kcal/g |
Contains no sucrose which might cause dental problems; contains
DentaGuard™
which helps reduce formation of dental calculi
Pellets at present fed to the lorises of
Ruhr-University
Bochum:
Ssniff Mar, 4mm, complete diet for marmosets,
also available as meal
Product information from http://www.ssniff.de/,
1999, modified
by Ssniff Spezialitäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany:
Nutrient Content::
| Constituents
Crude protein: 26.00 % (crude protein not less than 20.0%) Crude fat: 7.00 % (crude fat not less than 5.0%). Crude fiber: 2.50 %. Crude ash: 6.0 %
Amino acids Arginine: 1.80 % Cystine: 0.40 % Glycine: 1.10 % Histidine: 0.70 % Isoleucine: 1.10 % Leucine: 2.00 % Methionine: 0.40 % Phenylalanine: 1.30 % Tyrosine: 0.80 % Threonine: 1.00 % Tryptophan: 0.40 % Valine: 1.20 % Aspartic acid: 2.80 % Glutaminic acid: 4.90 % |
Trace elements per kg
Calcium: 1.00 % Phosphorus: 0.70 % Potassium: 0.70 % Magnesium: 0.20 % Sodium: 0.20 % Iron: 269 mg Zinc: 90 mg Manganese: 90 mg Copper: 14 mg Iodine: 2 mg Selenium: 0.2 mg Cobalt: 2 mg |
Vitamins per kg
Vitamin A: 18 000 IU Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): 18 mg Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 24 mg Vitamin B6: 18 mg Vitamin B12 : 100 µg Biotin: 500 µg Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid): 4.000 mg Vitamin D3: 3000 IU Vitamin E: 120 mg Vitamin K3: 6 mg Choline: 1600 mg Folic acid: 7 mg Inositol: 60 mg Niacin (Nicotinic acid): 70 mg Pantothenic acid: 50 mg
ME per kg: 14.9 MJ |
Mazuri® Primate Growth & Repro Biscuit 5MA1 product information website: http://www.mazuri.com/5ma1.htm#Comp. Seen 16 January 2004.
Ssniff Spezialitäten GmbH, 59494 Soest, Germany: : http://www.ssniff.de/English/main.htm. Seen 2 February 2004.
Meyer, H.; Bronsch, K.; Leibetseder, J.,
1993:
Supplemente zu Vorlesungen und Übungen in der Tierernährung.
[supplements for lectures and practices in animal nutrition].
Verlag M.
& H. Schaper, Hannover. ISBN:
3-7944-0172-7.
(German)
| Loris and potto conservation database - captive care / nutrition | Last amendment: 20 December 2004 |